Mots-clés
maltraitance des enfants
détresse psychologique
satisfaction amoureuse
attachement précoce
Comment citer
Résumé
Objectifs : Cette étude prospective longitudinale vise à explorer le rôle des relations familiales (satisfaction amoureuse et lien mère-enfant) et de la détresse psychologique dans les associations entre quatre sous-types de maltraitance des enfants (ME) (abus sexuel, physique et émotionnel, négligence) et le risque de maltraitance précoce de l’enfant chez les jeunes mères.
Méthodes : Un échantillon de 85 mères enceintes (18-29 ans) a été recruté pour répondre à un sondage en ligne au Temps 1 (T1); 57 mères ont participé au T2 (3 mois après l'accouchement). L'enquête a recensé les expériences de ME, la satisfaction romantique prénatale, la détresse psychologique postnatale, le lien mère-enfant et le risque de maltraitance de l'enfant à l'aide de questionnaires validés.
Résultats : Quatre modèles de médiation séquentielle ont été testés, un pour chaque sous-type de ME. Les résultats démontrent qu’un historique maternel de ME (tous les sous-types) était indirectement associé à un risque accru de maltraitance de l'enfant trois mois après l'accouchement. Tous les sous-types de ME étaient négativement liés à la satisfaction romantique prénatale, qui était à son tour négativement associée à la détresse psychologique postnatale. La détresse psychologique postnatale était liée à un lien mère-enfant plus faible qui, à son tour, était lié à un risque accru de maltraitance de l’enfant. L’ensemble du modèle séquentiel était significatif pour les abus physiques, sexuels et émotionnels, tandis qu'une séquence partielle a été identifiée pour la négligence.
Implications : Nos résultats sont cohérents avec les modèles théoriques et les résultats empiriques, démontrant l'importance des facteurs relationnels et de la santé mentale dans la continuité intergénérationnelle de la ME. Bien que nos résultats doivent être reproduits, ils soulignent la nécessité d'intervenir tôt - pendant la période périnatale - sur la santé mentale et les relations familiales afin de mettre fin aux cycles intergénérationnels de la ME dans les familles à risque.
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