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Résumé
Objectifs : Cette étude examine la relation entre la parentalité négative paternelle—rejet, contrôle/surprotection et éducation anxieuse—et le mal-être des adolescents. De plus, elle explore si la résilience modère ces relations, atténuant potentiellement les effets négatifs de la parentalité négative paternelle sur le bien-être des adolescents.
Méthodes : Une étude transversale a été menée auprès de 331 adolescents (âgés de 12 à 17 ans) issus d’écoles secondaires en Attique, en Grèce. Les participants ont complété le questionnaire Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being/Youth Form, Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran (EMBU-C) et l’Échelle de Résilience. Des analyses de corrélation, des modèles de régression multiple et des analyses de modération ont été réalisées afin d'examiner les associations entre la parentalité paternelle, la résilience et le mal-être des adolescents.
Résultats : Le rejet paternel, bien que le moins fréquemment signalé, présentait l’association négative la plus forte avec le bien-être des adolescents. La résilience était négativement corrélée au rejet paternel et prédictible de manière significative du bien-être adolescent. De plus, la résilience modérait la relation entre le contrôle/surprotection paternelle et le mal-être adolescent, de sorte qu'une faible résilience amplifiait les effets négatifs du contrôle/surprotection paternelle. Des différences liées à l'âge et au genre ont également été observées : les adolescents plus jeunes percevaient leurs pères comme plus contrôlants et surprotecteurs, tandis que les filles rapportaient un mal-être plus élevé que les garçons.
Implications : Ces résultats soulignent le rôle fondamental de la résilience dans l’atténuation des effets négatifs de la parentalité paternelle négative. Les interventions parentales devraient se concentrer sur la réduction du rejet et du contrôle/surprotection paternelle tout en favorisant la résilience des adolescents. Les écoles et les programmes de soutien familial devraient intégrer des stratégies de développement de la résilience et encourager l’implication positive des pères afin d'améliorer le bien-être des adolescents.
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