Comment citer
Résumé
Contexte : Cette étude explore les expériences traumatiques des jeunes femmes migrantes d’Asie de l’Ouest dans les pays occidentaux, en mettant l’accent sur la manière dont le traumatisme dans le contexte de la migration est défini dans la littérature. Compte tenu des mouvements migratoires significatifs et complexes en Asie de l’Ouest, il est essentiel de comprendre les adversités uniques rencontrées par cette population afin de renforcer la résilience et de promouvoir le rétablissement.
Méthodologie et conception : Une revue exploratoire a été menée en utilisant le cadre en cinq étapes d’Arksey et O’Malley. Une recherche initiale a identifié 318 articles, dont 90 ont été examinés pour leur pertinence. Après application des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion, 10 articles ont été retenus pour l’analyse finale.
Résultats : La revue a révélé que le traumatisme dans la migration est principalement défini comme des événements menaçant la vie avant et pendant le processus migratoire, tels que la guerre, la violence, la persécution et les conditions difficiles dans les camps de réfugiés. Le traumatisme est influencé par des vulnérabilités préexistantes, comme l’âge et le genre, ainsi que par des facteurs post-migratoires, tels que la discrimination et les différences culturelles. Les effets sont principalement observés sous forme de symptômes cliniques de santé mentale, notamment le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT), la dépression et l’anxiété.
Conclusion : Cette analyse montre que, bien que la littérature reconnaisse l’impact significatif des contextes sociopolitiques sur le traumatisme chez les jeunes femmes d’Asie de l’Ouest dans la migration, elle adopte souvent une approche clinique individualiste basée sur les critères du DSM-4/5 et de la CIM-10. Bien que certaines études reconnaissent les expériences traumatiques uniques liées aux positions sociales et aux identités intersectionnelles des migrantes, les recherches spécifiquement centrées sur ces expériences restent rares. De plus, l’exploration des effets du traumatisme se concentre largement sur les diagnostics de santé mentale, et les recommandations pour le rétablissement manquent de stratégies concrètes et pratiques.
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