Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Our objective is to contribute to the foundation of the theoretical and empirical bases of trans-affirmative approaches for transgender and non-binary youth. We propose a model whose theoretical foundations are rooted in Axel Honneth’s ethics of recognition, and whose means and intervention tools are developed from the writings on resilience factors in this specific population. Research over the past 10 years has shown that the oppressions transgender and non-binary youth experience throughout their development have a detrimental impact on their mental health. The question facing practitioners today is therefore how to promote resilience. To address this, we propose four levels of intervention based on Axel Honneth’s levels of social recognition and work on intersubjectivity in psychology: subjective, intersubjective, community, and legal. Based on these levels, trans-affirmative approaches develop interventions aimed at promoting: 1) an embodied and positive sense of self through identity construction and overcoming the aftermath of transphobia; 2) self-confidence through validating interpersonal relationships; 3) self-esteem through pride in being trans and community involvement; and 4) self-respect through the possibility of living in the desired gender with safety and equity.
References
Bibliographie générale, introduction et recommandations cliniques
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). APA Publishing.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
Butler, J. (2012). Qu’est-ce qu’une vie bonne ? Payot.
Carver, P. R., Yunger, J. L., & Perry, D. G. (2003). Gender identity and adjustment in middle childhood. Sex roles, 49(3), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024423012063
Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & Klink, D. (2015). Adolescents with gender dysphoria. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 29(3), 485-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2015.01.004
Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Schagen, S. E., Steensma, T. D., de Vries, A. L., & Delemarre-van de Waal, H. A. (2011). Puberty suppression in a gender-dysphoric adolescent: a 22-year follow-up. Archives of sexual behavior, 40(4), 843-847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9758-9
Coleman, E., Bockting, W., Botzer, M., Cohen-Kettenis, P., DeCuypere, G., Feldman, J., Fraser, L., Green, J., Knudson, G., Meyer, W. J., Monstrey, S., Adler, R. K., Brown, G. R., Devor, A. H., Ehrbar, R., Ettner, R., Eyler, E., Garofalo, R., Karasic, D. H., . . . Zucker, K. (2012). Standards of care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, version 7. International Journal of Transgenderism, 13(4), 165-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2011.700873
Honneth, A. (2000). La lutte pour la reconnaissance. Folio Essais.
Honneth, A. (2006). La société du mépris. Vers une nouvelle théorie critique. La Découverte.
Meyer, I. H. (2013). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(S), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1037/2329-0382.1.S.3
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (2020). Classification Internationale des Maladies (11e révision). https://icd.who.int/fr
Rogers, C. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. Dans (dir.) S. Koch, Psychology: A study of a science. (Vol. 3, pp. 184-256). McGraw Hill.
Stern, D. (1998). The interpersonal world of the infant: a view from psychoanalysis and development (2e ed.). Basic Books.
Thorne, N., Witcomb, G. L, Nieder, T., Nixon, E., Yip, A. & Arcelus, J. (2019) A comparison of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment seeking transgender individuals who identify as binary and non-binary. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2-3), 241-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1452660
Winnicott, D. W. (1965). The maturational processes and facilitating environment: studies in the theory of emotional development. Karnac Books.
World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). (À paraître en 2021). Standards of Care version 8. https://www.wpath.org/soc8
Wren, B. (2019). Ethical issues arising in the provision of medical interventions for gender diverse children and adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24(2), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518822694
Zhang, Q., Goodman, M., Adam, M., Corneil, T., Hashemi, L., Kreukels, B., Motmans, J., Snyder, R., & Coleman, E. (2020). Epidemiological considerations in transgender health: a systematic review with focus on higher quality data. International Journal of Transgender Health, 21(2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2020.1753136
Bibliographie résilience – articles de recherche
Amodeo, A. L., Picariello, S., Valerio, P., & Scandurra, C. (2018). Empowering transgender youths: promoting resilience through a group training program. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 22(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2017.1361880
Andrzejewski, J., Pampati, S., Steiner, R. J., Boyce, L., & Johns, M. M. (2021). Perspectives of transgender youth on parental support: Qualitative findings from resilience and transgender youth study. Health Education & Behavior, 48(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120965504
Austin, A., Craig, S. L., Navega, N., & McInroy, L. B. (2020). It-s my safe space: The life-saving role of the internet in the lives of transgender and gender diverse youth. International Journal of Transgender Health, 21(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2019.1700202
Arcelus, J., Claes, L., Witcomb, G. L., Marshall, E., & Bouman, W. P. (2016). Risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury among trans youth. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(3), 402-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.003
Barr, S. M., Budge, S. L., & Adelson, J. L. (2016). Transgender community belongingness as a mediator between transgender self-categorization and well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000127
Bauer, G., Pyne, J., Francino, M. C., & Hammond, R. (2013). Suicidality among trans people in Ontario: Implications for social work and social justice. Service social, 59(1), 35-62. https://doi.org/10.7202/1017478ar
Bauer, G. R., Scheim, A. I., Pyne, J., Travers, R., & Jammond, R. (2015). Intervenable factors associated with suicide risk in transgender persons : A respondent driven sampling study in Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1867-2
Bauer, G. R., Redman, N., Bradley, K., & Scheim, A. I. (2018). Sexual health of trans men who are gay, bisexual, or who have sex with men: results from Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Transgenderism, 14(2), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2013.791650
Bhattacharya, N., Budge, S. L., Pantalone, D. W., & Katz-Wise, S. L. (2020). Conceptualizing relationships among transgender and gender diverse youth and their caregivers. Journal of Family Psychology. 35(5), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000815
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R. E., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013). Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 943-951. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301241
Bosom, M., & Medico, D. (2020). My first year on testosterone: Analyzing the trans experience through YouTube channels. Sexologies. 30(2), e83-e85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.10.001
Bouman, W. P., Davey, A., Meyer, C., Witcomb, G. L., & Arcelus, J. (2016). Predictors of psychological well-being among trans individuals. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 31(3), 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2016.1184754
Bouman, W. P., De Vries, A. L., & T’Sjoen, G. (2016). Gender dysphoria and gender incongruence: An evolving interdisciplinary field. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2016.1125740
Bradford, N. J., & Syed, M. (2019). Transnormativity and Transgender Identity Development: A Master Narrative Approach. Sex Roles, 81(5), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0992-7
Brennan, S. L., Irwin, J., Drincic, A., Amoura, N. J., Randall, A., & Smith-Sallans, M. (2017). Relationship among gender-related stress, resilience factors, and mental health in a Midwestern U.S. transgender and gender-nonconforming population. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(4), 433-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1365034
Breslow, A. S., Brewster, M. E., Velez, B. L., Wong, S., Geiger, E., & Soderstrom, B. (2015). Resilience and collective action: exploring buffers against minority stress for transgender individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 253-265. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/sgd0000117
Budge, S. L., Adelson, J. L., & Howard, K. A. (2013). Anxiety and depression in transgender individual: The roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(3), 545-557. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031774
Budge, S. L., Belcourt, S., Conniff, J., Parks, R., Pantalone, D. W., & Katz-Wise, S., L. (2018). A grounded theory study of the development of trans youths’ awareness of coming with gender identity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(9), 3048-3061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1136-y
Budge, S. L., Orzechowski, M., Schams, A., Lavender, A., Onsgard, K., Leibowitz, S., & Katz-Wise, S. (2021). Transgender and gender nonconforming youths’ emotions: the appraisal, valence, arousal model. The Counselling Psychologist, 49(1), 138-172. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000020945051
Budge, S. L., Thai, J. L., Tebbe, E. A., & Howard, K. A. (2016). The intersection of race, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, trans identity, and mental health outcomes. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(7), 1025-1049. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000015609046
Chodzen, G., Hidalgo, M. A., Chen, D., & Garofalo, R. (2019). Minority stress factors associated with depression and anxiety among transgender and gender non-conforming youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(4), 467-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.07.006
Clark, T. C., Lucassen, M. F., Bullen, P., Denny, S. J., Fleming, T. M., Robinson, E. M., & Rossen, F. V. (2014). The health and well-being of transgender high school students: results from the New Zealand adolescent health survey (Youth'12). Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.008
Connolly, M. D., Zervos, M. J., Barone II, C. J., Johnson, C. C., & Joseph, C. L. (2016). The mental health of transgender youth: Advances in understanding. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(5), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.012
De Vries, A. L., Steensma, T. D., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., VanderLaan, D. P., & Zucker, K. J. (2016). Poor peer relations predict parent- and self-reported behavioral and emotional problems of adolescents with gender dysphoria: a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(6), 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0764-7
Diemer, E. W., Grant, J. D., Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Patterson, D. A., & Duncan A. E. (2015). Gender Identity, sexual orientation, and eating-related pathology in a national sample of college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(2), 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.003
Doorduin, T., & Van Berlo, W. (2014). Trans people's experience of sexuality in the Netherlands: a pilot study. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(5), 654-672. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.865482
Durwood, L., McLaughlin, K. A., & Olson, K. R. (2017). Mental health and self-worth in socially transitioned transgender youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(2), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.016
Goldenberg, T., Gamarel, K. E., Reisner, S. L., Jadwin-Cakmak, L., & Harper, G. W. (2021). Gender affirmation as a source of resilience for addressing stigmatizing healthcare experiences of transgender youth of color. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, XX, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab011
Goldenberg, T., Kahle, E. M. & Stephenson, R. (2020). Stigma, resilience, and health care use among transgender and other gender diverse youth. Transgender Health, 5 (3), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2019.0074
Gorman, K. R., Shipherd, J. C., Collins, K. M., Gunn, H. A., Rubin, R. O., Rood, B. A., & Pantalone, D. W. (2020). Coping, Resilience, and Social Support Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals Experiencing Gender-Related Stress. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000455
Gosh, S. & Gorgos, A. (2021). L’accompagnement pédiatrique et les traitements hormonaux. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 323-339). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Gridley, S. J., Crouch, J. M., Evans, Y., Eng, W., Antoon, E., Lyapustina, M., Schimmel-Bristow, A., Woodward, J., Dundon, K., Schaff, R., McCarty, C., Ahrens, K., & Breland, D. J. (2016). Youth and Caregiver Perspectives on Barriers to Gender-Affirming Health Care for Transgender Youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(3), 254–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.017
Grossman, A. H., D’Augelli, A. R., & Frank, J. H. (2011). Aspects of psychological resilience among transgender youth. Journal of LGBT Youth, 8(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2011.541347
Grossman, A. H., Park, J. Y., & Russell, S. T. (2016). Transgender youth and suicidal behaviors: Applying the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 20(4), 329-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2016.1207581
Hatchel, T., Valido, A., De Pedro, K. T., Huand, Y., & Espelage, D. L. (2019). Minority stress among transgender adolescents: the role of peer victimization, school belonging, and ethnicity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(9), 2467-2476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1168-3
Iantaffi, A., & Bockting, W. O. (2011). Views from both sides of the bridge? Gender, sexual legitimacy and transgender people's experiences of relationships. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 13(3), 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2010.537770
Johnson, C. W., Singh, A. A., & Gonzalez, M. (2014). « It’s complicated » : collective memories of transgender, queer, and questioning youth in high school. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(3), 419-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.842436
Katz-Wise, S. L., Reisner, S. L., Hughto, J. W., & Keo-Meier, C. L. (2016). Differences in sexual orientation diversity and sexual fluidity in attractions among gender minority adults in Massachusetts. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(1), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.1003028
Kuper, L. E., Wright, L., & Mustanski, B. (2018). Gender identity development among transgender and gender nonconforming emerging adults: An intersectional approach. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(4), 436-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1443869
Lefevor,T.G., Sprague, B.M., Boyd-Rogers, C.C. & Smack, A.C. P. (2019). How well do various types of support buffer psychological distress among transgender and gender nonconforming students? International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(1), 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1452172
Lenning, E., & Buist, C. L. (2013). Social, psychological and economic challenges faced by transgender individuals and their significant others: gaining insight through personal narratives. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15(1), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2012.738431
Levitt, H. M., & Ippolito, M. R. (2014). Being transgender: the experience of transgender identity development. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(12), 1727-1758. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.951262
Lindley, L., & Paz Galupo, M. (2020). Gender dysphoria and minority stress: support for inclusion of gender dysphoria as a proximal stessor. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(3), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000439
MacMullin, L. N., Aitken, M., Nabbijohn, A. N., & VanderLaan, D. P. (2020). Self-harm and suicidality in gender-nonconforming: a canadian community-based parent-report study. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(1), 76-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000353
Matsuno, E., & Israel T. (2018). Psychological interventions promoting resilience among transgender individuals: Transgender resilience intervention model (TRIM). The Counseling Psychologist, 46(5), 632-655. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000018787261
McConnell, E. A., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2016). Families Matter: Social Support and Mental Health Trajectories Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(6), 674-680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.07.026
McKay, T. R., & Watson, R. J. (2019). Gender Expansive Youth Disclosure and Mental Health: Clinical Implications of Gender Identity Disclosure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(1), 66-75. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/sgd0000354
Medico, D., Galantino, G., Zufferey, A., & Pullen Sansfaçon, A. (2020). « J’aimerais mourir », comprendre le désespoir chez les jeunes trans par le concept d’oppression développementale. Frontières, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.7202/1070338ar
Medico, D., Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Zufferez, A., Galantino, G., Bosom, M., & Suerich-Gulick, F. (2020). Pathways to gender affirmation in trans youth: A qualitative and participative study with youth and their parents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25(4), 1002-1014. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104520938427
Mitchell, K. J., Ybarra, M. L., & Korchmaros, J. D. (2014). Sexual harassment among adolescents of different sexual orientations and gender identities. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(2), 280-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.09.008
Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental health of transgender children who are supported in their identities. Pediatrics, 137(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3223
Olson, K. R., Key, A. C., & Eaton, N. R. (2015). Gender Cognition in Transgender Children. Psychological Science, 26(4), 467-474. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0956797614568156
Olson, J., Schrager, S. M., Belzer, M., Simons, L. K., & Clark, L. F. (2015). Baseline physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of transgender youth seeking care for gender dysphoria. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 374-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.027
Owen-Smith, A. A., Gerth, J., Sineath, R. C., Barzilay, J., Becerra-Culqui, T. A., Getahun, D., Giammattei, S., Hunkeler, E., Lash, T. L., Millman, A., Nash, R., Quinn, V. P., Robinson, B., Roblin, D., Sanchez, T., Silverberg, M. J., Tangpricha, V., Valentine, C., Winter, S., . . . Goodman, M. (2018). Association between gender confirmation treatments and perceived gender congruence, body image satisfaction, and mental health in a cohort of transgender individuals. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.017
Puckett, J. A., Matsuno, E., Dyar, C., Mustanski, B., & Newcom, M. E. (2019). Mental health and resilience in transgender individuals: What type of support makes a difference? Journal of Family Psychology, 33(8), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000561
Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Hébert, W., Ou Jin Lee, E., Faddoul, M., Tourki, D., & Bellot, C. (2018). Digging Beneath the Surface: Results from Stage One of a Qualitative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Well-being of Trans Youth in Quebec. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 184-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1446066
Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Medico, D., Gelly, M., Kirichenko, V., & Suerick Gullick, F. (sous-presse). Blossoming child, mourning parent: a journey of adaptation and learning of trans youth and their parents accessing gender affirming care. Journal of Child and Family Studies.
Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Medico, D., Riggs, D., Carlile, A., Suerich-Gulick (sous-presse). Growing up trans in Canada, Switzerland, England, and Australia: Access to and impacts of gender-affirming medical care. Journal of LGBT Youth.
Pullen Sansfacon, A., Medico, D., Suerich-Gullick, F., & Temple Newhook, J. (2020). “I knew that I wasn’t cis, I knew that, but I didn’t know exactly”: gender identity development, expression and affirmation in youth who access gender affirming medical care. International Journal of Transgender Health, 21(3), 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2020.1756551
Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Robichaud, M. J., & Dumais-Michaud, A. A. (2015). The Experience of Parents who support their Children’s Gender Variance. Journal of LGBT Youth, 12(1), 39-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2014.935555
Raymond, G., Blais, M., Bergeron, F. A., & Hébert, M. (2015). Les expériences de victimisation, la santé mentale et le bien-être de jeunes trans au Québec. Santé mentale au Québec, 40(3), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.7202/1034912ar
Rider, G. N., McMorris, B. J., Gower, A. L., Coleman, E., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2018). Health and care utilization of transgender and gender nonconforming youth: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 141(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1683
Riggs, D. W., Bartholomaeus, C., & Sansfaçon, A. P. (2019). 'If they didn't support me, I most likely wouldn't be here': Transgender young people and their parents negotiating medical treatment in Australia. International Journal of Transgenderism, 21(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2019.1692751
Riley, E. A., Clemenson, L., Sitharthan, G., & Diamond, M. (2013). Surviving a gender-variant childhood: the views of transgender adults on the needs of gender-variant children and their parents. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 39(3), 241-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2011.628439
Riley, E. A., Sitharthan, G., Clemson, L., & Diamond, M. (2011). The needs of gender-variant children and their parents: A parent survey. International Journal of Sexual Health, 23(3), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2011.593932
Rimes, K. A., Goodship, N., Ussher, G., Baker, D., & West, E. (2019). Non-binary and binary transgender youth: Comparison of mental health, self-harm, suicidality, substance use and victimization experiences. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(-/3), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1370627
Röder, M., Barkmann, C., Richter-Appelt, H., Schulte-Markwort, M., Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Becker, I. (2018). Health-related quality of life in transgender adolescents: Associations with body image and emotional and behavioral problems. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1425649
Scandurra, C., Dolce, P., Vitelli, R., Esposito, G., Testa, R.J., Balsam, K.F., & Bochicchio, V. (2020). Mentalizinf stigma: Reflective functioning as a protective factor against depression and anxiety in transgender and gender-nonconforming people. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76, 1613-1630. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22951
Singh, A. A. (2013). Transgender Youth of Color and Resilience: Negotiating Oppression and Finding Support. Sex Roles, 68(11), 690-702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0149-z
Singh, A. A., Meng, S. E., & Hansen, A. W. (2014). «I am my own gender»: Resilience strategies on trans youth. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(2), 208-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00150.x
Shelton, J., Wagaman, M. A., Small, L., & Abramovich, A. (2018). I’m more driven now: Resilience and resistance among transgender and gender expansive youth and young adults experiencing homelessness. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 144-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1374226
Steensma, T. D., Biemond, R., de Boer, F., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2011). Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: a qualitative follow-up study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(4), 499-516. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1359104510378303
Steensma, T. D., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & Zucker, K. J. (2018). Evidence for a change in the sex ration of children referred for gender dysphoria: Data from the center of expertise on gender dysphoria in Amsterdam (1988-2016). Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(7), 713-715, https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2018.1437580
Steensma, T. D., Kreukels, B. P., de Vries, A. L., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Gender identity development in adolescence. Hormones and Behavior, 64(2), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.020
Testa, R., Hendricks, M.L., Bradford, J. & Bongar, B. (2012). The relationship between gender-based victimization and suicide attempts in transgender people. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 468-475, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029605
Testa, R., Michaels, M.S., Bills, W., Rogers, M.L, Balsam, K.F. & Joiner, T. (2017). Suicidal ideation in transgender people: gender minority stress and interpersonal theory factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(1), 125-136, https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000234
Timmins, L., Rimes, K. A., & Rahman, Q. (2017). Minority stressors and psychological distress in transgender individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(3), 328-340. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/sgd0000237
Tompkins, A. B. (2014). «There's no chasing involved»: cis/trans relationships, «tranny chasers», and the future of a sex-positive trans politics. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(5), 766-780. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870448
Torres, C. G., Renfrew, M., Kenst, K., Tan-McGrory, A., Betancourt, J. R., & López, L. (2015) Improving transgender health by building safe clinical environments that promote existing resilience: Results from a qualitative analysis of providers. BMC pediatrics, 15(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0505-6
Tree-McGrath, C. A. F., Puckett, J. A., Reisner, S. L. & Pantalone, D. W. (2018). Sexuality and gender affirmation in transgender men who have sex with cisgender men. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(4), 389-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1463584
Turban, J. L., Beckwith, N., Reisner, S. L., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2020). Association Between Recalled Exposure to Gender Identity Conversion Efforts and Psychological Distress and Suicide Attempts Among Transgender Adults. JAMA psychiatry, 77(1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2285
Twist, J., & de Graaf, N. M. (2019). Gender diversity and non-binary presentations in young people attending the United Kingdom’s National Gender Identity Development Service. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24(2), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1359104518804311
Veale, J. Peter, T., Travers, R., & Saewyc, E.M. (2017). Enacted stigma, mental health, and protective factors among transgender youth in Canada. Transgender Health, 2(1), 207-216. https://doi.org/10.1089/trdh.2017.0031
Watson, R. J., Veale, J. F., & Saewyc, E. M. (2017) Disordered eating behaviors among transgender youth: Probability profiles from risk and protective factors. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(5), 515-522. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22627
Weinhardt, V.L, Xie, H., Wesp, L.M., Murray, J.R., Apchemengich, I., Kioko, D., Weinhardt C.B & Cook-Daniels, L. (2019) The Role of Family, Friend, and Significant Other Support in Well-Being Among Transgender and Non-Binary Youth. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 15(4), 311-325, https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2018.1522606
Wiepjes, C. M., Nota, N. M., de Blok, C. J. M., Klaver, M., de Vries, A. L. C., Wensing-Kruger, S. A., de Jongh, R. T., Bouman, M.-B., Steensma, T. D., Cohen-Kettenis, P., Gooren, L. J. G., Kreukels, B. P. C., & den Heijer, M. (2018). The Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria Study (1972-2015): Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Regrets. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 582–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.016
Zeeman, L., Aranda, K., Sherriff, N., & Cocking, C. (2017). Promoting resilience and emotional well-being of transgender young people: Research at the intersections of gender and sexuality. Journal of Youth Studies, 20(3), 382-397, https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1232481
Bibliographie résilience – recension des écrits, articles de synthèse et éditoriaux
Ehrensaft, E., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649
Leibowitz, S., Green, J., Massey, R., Boleware, A. M., Ehrensaft, D., Francis, W., ... & T’Sjoen, G. (2020). Statement in response to calls for banning evidence-based supportive health interventions for transgender and gender diverse youth. International Journal of Transgender Health, 21(1), 111-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2020.1703652
McNeil, J., Ellis, S. J., & Eccles, F. J. R. (2017). Suicide in trans populations: a systematic review of prevalence and correlates. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(3), 341-353. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000235
Medico, D. (2019) Genres, subjectivités et corps au-delà de la binarité. Filigrane, 28(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.7202/1064597ar
Medico, D. (2020). Quelques considérations critiques et cliniques sur le genre et ses dissident.e.s. In Analysis, 4(3), 374-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inan.2020.10.006
Moolchaem, P., Liamputtong, P., O’Halloran, P., & Muhamad, R. (2015). The Lived Experiences of Transgender Persons: A Meta-Synthesis. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 27(2), 143-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2015.1021983
Moradi, B., Tebbe, E. A., Brewster, M. E., Budge, S. L., Lenzen, A., Ege, E., Schuch, E., Arango, S., Angelone, N., Mender, E., Hiner, D. L., Huscher, K., Painter, J., & Flores, M. J. (2016). A content analysis of literature on trans people and issues: 2002-2012. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(7), 960-995. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000015609044
Motmans, J., Nieder, T.O., & Bouman, W. P. (2019). Transforming the paradigm of nonbinary transgender health: A field in transition. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2-3), 119-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2019.1640514
Olson, J., Forbes, C., & Belzer, M. (2011). Management of the transgender adolescent. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 165(2), 171-176. https://doi-org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.275
Reisner, S. L., Poteat, T., Keatley, J., Cabral, M., Mothopeng, T., Dunham, E., Holland, C. E., Max, R., & Baral, S. D. (2016). Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: A review. The Lancet, 388(10042), 412-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00684-X
Richards, C. (2020). Finitude et devenir trans. Racing the Reaper. Frontières, 31(2), https://doi.org/10.7202/1070336ar
Richards, C., Bouman, W. P., Seal, L., Barker, M. J., Nieder, T. O., & T’SJoen, G. (2016). Non-binary or genderqueer genders. International Review of Psychiatry, 28 (1), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446
Spivey, L. A., & Edwards-Leeper, L. (2019). Future Directions in Affirmative Psychological Interventions with Transgender Children and Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(2), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1534207
Stephenson, R., Riley, E., Rogers, E., Suarez, N., Metheny, N., Senda, J, Saylor, K. M., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2017). The sexual health of transgender men: a scoping review. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(4-5), 424-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1271863
Stewart, L., O'Halloran, P., & Oates, J. (2018). Investigating the social integration and wellbeing of transgender individuals: A meta-synthesis. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1364199
Tankersley, A.P., Grafsky, E.L., Dike, J. et Russel, T. J. (2021). Risk and resilience factors for mental health among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth: a systematic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00344-6
The Lancet (2018). Gender-affirming care needed for transgender children. The Lancet, 391(10140), 2576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31429-6
Turban, J. L., & Ehrensaft, D. (2018). Research Review: Gender identity in youth: treatment paradigms and controversies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(12), 1228–1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12833
Watson, R. J., & Veale, J. (2018). Transgender youth are strong: Resilience among gender expansive youth worldwide. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 115-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1474832
White Hughto, J. M., Reisner, S. L., & Pachankis, J. E. (2015). Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.010
Bibliographie résilience sans arbitrage : ouvrages, chapitres et rapports de recherche
Abdellahi, É., & Thibeault, Ch.-A. (2021). La thérapie par les arts: un outil inspirant pour accompagner les jeunes. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 306-322). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Beemyn, G., & Rankin, S. (2011). The lives of transgender people. Columbia University Press.
Ehrensaft, D. (2011). Gender Born, Gender Made: Raising Healthy Gender-Nonconforming Children. Workman Publishing.
Espineira, K. (2021). La médiatisation des « enfants & ados trans » : des écrans télé aux chaînes YouTube, se raconter et s’affirmer au présent. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 62-77). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Faddoul, M. & Baril, A. (2021) Travail social et interventions transaffirmatives auprès des jeunes. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 159-176). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Frappier, A.A (2021) Parents en transition. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 233-249). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Girard, G., Medico, D. et Galantino, G. (2021) Santé sexuelle, vie sexuelle et amoureuse des adolescent.e.s. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 212-233). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Pullen Sansfaçon, A., & Medico. D. (2021) Introduction : pour une approche transaffirmative. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 11-40). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Riggs, D. (2019). Working with Transgender Young People and their Families: A Critical Developmental Approach. Palgrave.
Robichaud, M. J., Kirichenko, V., & Pullen Sansfaçon, A. (2021). Intervention en contexte d’autorité et de protection de la jeunesse. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 177-193). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Sauvé, J.-S., & Pullen Sansfaçon, A., (2021). L'affirmation de l'identité des personnes mineures transgenre: une zone de turbulence éthico-juridique. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 103-119). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Susset, F. et Rabiau, M. (2021a). Le soutien psychothérapeutiques des enfants créatif.ve.s dans leur genre, trans et non binaires. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 267-286). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Susset, F., & Rabiau, M. (2021b). L’accompagnement thérapeutiques des adolescent.e.s en transition. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 287-305). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Taylor, A. B., Chan, A., Hall, S. L., Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Saewyc, E. M., & l’équipe de recherche de l’enquête canadienne sur la santé des jeunes trans (2020). Être en sécurité, être soi-même 2019 : Résultats de l’enquête canadienne sur la santé des jeunes trans et non-binaires. Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, University of British Colombia.
Travers, R., Bauer, G., Pyne, J., Bradley, K., Gale, L., & Papadimitriou, M. (2012). Impacts of Strong Parental Support for Trans Youth: A Report Prepared for Children’s Aid Society of Toronto and Delisle Youth Services. http://transpulseproject.ca.
Wahlen, R. (2021). Enjeux médicoéthiques posés aux médecins lors de la prescription de traitements d’affirmation de genre à des jeunes trans et non binaires. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 340-360). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Zufferey, A., & Pullen Sansfaçon, A. (2021). Approches de groupe en méthodologie autogérée entre parents d’enfants trans. Dans A. Pullen Sansfaçon & D. Medico (dir.). Les interventions affirmatives auprès des jeunes trans et de leur famille (pp. 250-263). Éditions Remue-Ménage.
Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., & Kosciw, J. (2015) The relation between suicidal ideation and bullying victimization in a national sample of transgender and non-transgender adolescents. Dans P. Goldblum, D.L. Espelage, J. Chu & B. Bongar (dir.), Youth suicide and bullying: Challenges and strategies for prevention and intervention (pp. 134-145). Oxford University Press.